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Tag: C++ programming

  • C++ Tutorial Roadmap

    Introduction to C++

    Overview of C++

    C++ is a powerful, high-performance programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. It is widely used for system software, game development, competitive programming, and performance-critical applications.

    Features of C++

    • Object-oriented programming
    • High performance and low-level memory control
    • Support for generic programming using templates
    • Rich Standard Template Library (STL)
    • Backward compatibility with C

    Difference Between C and C++

    • C is procedural; C++ supports OOP
    • C++ provides classes, objects, and templates
    • C++ offers stronger type checking and abstractions

    Data Types in C++

    Basic Data Types

    • int, float, double, char, bool, void

    Derived Data Types

    • Arrays
    • Pointers
    • References
    • Functions

    User-Defined Data Types

    • struct
    • union
    • enum
    • class

    Type Modifiers

    • short, long, signed, unsigned

    Operators in C++

    Types of Operators

    • Arithmetic operators
    • Relational operators
    • Logical operators
    • Assignment operators
    • Bitwise operators

    sizeof Operator

    • Using sizeof to determine memory size

    Control Structures

    Decision Making Statements

    • if statement
    • if…else statement
    • if-else-if ladder
    • Nested if
    • switch statement

    Relational Operators

    • Comparison operators used in conditions

    Looping Statements

    • while loop
    • do-while loop
    • for loop

    Functions in C++

    Functions Overview

    • Function declaration and definition

    return Statement

    • Returning values from functions

    Default Arguments

    • Using default parameters in functions

    Lambda Expressions

    • Anonymous functions
    • Syntax and use cases

    Arrays in C++

    Arrays Overview

    • Declaring and initializing arrays

    Array Size

    • Printing size of array parameters

    Array Decay

    • Understanding array decay behavior

    Pointers and References

    Pointers and References Overview

    • Memory addresses and aliases

    Pointers in C++

    • Pointer declaration and usage

    Types of Pointers

    • Dangling pointers
    • Void pointers
    • Null pointers
    • Wild pointers

    nullptr in C++

    • Understanding nullptr vs NULL

    References

    • Reference variables
    • Use cases

    Pointers vs References

    • Key differences and comparisons

    Strings in C++

    String Overview

    • C-style strings vs std::string

    String Functions

    • Common string manipulation functions

    Iterators

    • Traversing strings using iterators

    String Capacity

    • Capacity and size-related functions

    Dynamic Memory Management

    Dynamic Allocation

    • Using new and delete

    Comparison

    • new vs malloc()
    • delete vs free()

    Encapsulation and Abstraction

    Encapsulation

    • Data hiding using access specifiers

    Abstraction

    • Hiding implementation details

    Encapsulation vs Abstraction

    • Key differences and use cases

    Polymorphism

    Types of Polymorphism

    • Compile-time polymorphism
    • Runtime polymorphism

    Virtual Functions

    • Concept of virtual functions

    Virtual Functions in Derived Classes

    • Method overriding

    Default Arguments and Virtual Functions

    • Behavior and pitfalls

    Virtual Copy Constructor

    • Concept and use cases

    Pure Virtual Functions

    • Abstract classes

    Pure Virtual Destructor

    • Implementation details

    Static Functions and Virtuality

    • Why static functions cannot be virtual

    RTTI (Run-Time Type Information)

    • dynamic_cast, typeid

    Exception Handling

    Exception Handling Overview

    • Handling runtime errors

    Exception Handling in C++

    • try, catch, throw

    Stack Unwinding

    • Exception propagation

    Custom Exceptions

    • Creating user-defined exceptions using classes

    Templates in C++

    Introduction to Templates

    • Function templates
    • Class templates

    Templates Overview

    • Generic programming concepts

    Using Keyword

    • using vs typedef in templates

    Namespaces in C++

    Introduction to Namespaces

    • Avoiding name conflicts

    Advanced Namespace Concepts

    • Extending namespaces
    • Unnamed namespaces
    • Nested namespaces
    • Namespace aliasing

    Advanced C++ Concepts

    Standard Template Library (STL)

    • Containers
    • Iterators
    • Algorithms

    Smart Pointers

    • auto_ptr (deprecated)
    • unique_ptr
    • shared_ptr
    • weak_ptr

    this Pointer

    • Usage of this keyword

    delete this

    • Concept and risks

    Passing Functions as Parameters

    • Function pointers and functors

    Signals in C++

    • Signal handling concepts