User's blog

Tag: backend development

  • Go (Golang) Tutorial Roadmap

    Introduction to Go (Golang)

    Overview of Go

    Go (also known as Golang) is an open-source, statically typed, compiled programming language developed by Google. It is designed for simplicity, performance, and scalability, making it ideal for cloud services, distributed systems, and backend development.

    Basic Go Program

    • Structure of a Go program
    • Writing and running a simple “Hello, World” program

    Go Language Fundamentals

    Identifiers

    • Naming rules and conventions in Go

    Data Types in Go

    • Basic data types: int, float, string, bool
    • Composite data types: arrays, slices, structs
    • Reference types: pointers, maps, channels

    Constants

    • Declaring constants using const
    • Typed vs untyped constants

    Control Statements in Go

    Conditional Statements

    • if statement
    • if-else statement
    • Nested if
    • if-else-if ladder

    Loops in Go

    • for loop
    • Infinite loops
    • Loop control using break and continue

    Switch Statement

    • Expression switch
    • Type switch

    Functions and Methods

    Functions in Go

    • Defining and calling functions

    Variadic Functions

    • Functions with variable number of arguments

    Anonymous Functions

    • Lambda-style functions

    Defer Keyword

    • Deferred function execution

    Methods in Go

    • Methods with receiver types

    Structures in Go

    Structures

    • Defining and using structs

    Nested Structures

    • Structs within structs

    Anonymous Structures and Fields

    • Inline struct definitions

    Arrays in Go

    Arrays

    • Declaring and initializing arrays

    Copying Arrays

    • Copying one array into another

    Slices in Go

    Slices Overview

    • Creating and using slices

    Slice Composite Literals

    • Slice initialization techniques

    Strings in Go

    Working with Strings

    • String declaration
    • Common string operations

    Pointers in Go

    Pointer Basics

    • Understanding pointers

    Passing Pointers to Functions

    • Call-by-reference behavior

    Pointer to Struct

    • Accessing struct fields using pointers

    Double Pointer

    • Pointer to pointer

    Comparing Pointers

    • Pointer comparison rules

    Object-Oriented Programming in Go

    OOP Concepts in Go

    • Structs as objects
    • Methods and interfaces

    Concurrency in Go

    Goroutines

    • Lightweight threads

    Channels

    • Communication between goroutines

    Unidirectional Channels

    • Send-only and receive-only channels

    Select Statement

    • Handling multiple channel operations

    Error Handling in Go

    Defer

    • Resource cleanup

    Error Handling

    • Using the error interface

    Custom Errors

    • Creating custom error types

    Error Wrapping

    • Wrapping and unwrapping errors

    Panic and Recover

    • Handling runtime panics

    First-Class Functions

    • Functions as values
    • Passing functions as arguments

    Reflection in Go

    Reflection

    • Inspecting types at runtime
    • reflect package usage

    File Handling in Go

    Reading Files

    • Reading file contents

    Writing Files

    • Writing data to files

  • Ruby Tutorial Roadmap

    Introduction to Ruby

    Overview of Ruby

    Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented, and open-source programming language known for its simplicity, readability, and developer productivity. It is widely used for web development, scripting, automation, and backend development (notably with Ruby on Rails).

    Ruby Programming Language

    • History and evolution of Ruby
    • Philosophy: “Developer happiness”

    Comparison with Other Programming Languages

    • Ruby vs Java
    • Ruby vs Python
    • Ruby vs C++

    Importance of Ruby

    • Clean and expressive syntax
    • Strong object-oriented features
    • Large ecosystem and community
    • Ideal for rapid application development

    Basic Ruby Example

    • Writing and understanding a simple Ruby program

    Basic Concepts in Ruby

    Ruby Keywords

    • Reserved words and their usage

    Ruby Data Types

    • Numbers
    • Strings
    • Symbols
    • Arrays
    • Hashes
    • Booleans

    Types of Variables in Ruby

    • Local variables
    • Instance variables
    • Class variables
    • Global variables

    Global Variables

    • Usage and scope of global variables

    Literals

    • Numeric literals
    • String literals
    • Symbol literals

    Ruby Directories

    • Understanding Ruby file and directory structure

    Control Statements in Ruby

    Decision-Making Statements

    • if statement
    • if-else statement
    • if-else-if
    • Ternary operator

    Loops in Ruby

    • for loop
    • while loop
    • do..while loop
    • until loop

    Case Statement

    • Using case for conditional logic

    Control Flow Alteration

    • break and next statements
    • redo and retry statements

    File Handling in Ruby

    File Operations

    • Creating files
    • Reading files
    • Writing to files
    • Closing files

    Methods in Ruby

    Ruby Methods

    • Defining and calling methods

    Method Visibility

    • Public
    • Private
    • Protected

    Recursion in Ruby

    • Recursive method calls

    Ruby Hook Methods

    • Lifecycle hook methods

    Ruby Range Class Methods

    • Working with ranges and their methods

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Ruby

    OOP Concepts

    • Principles of object-oriented programming

    Classes and Objects

    • Creating classes and objects

    Private Classes

    • Access control in Ruby classes

    Freezing Objects

    • Preventing object modification using freeze

    Inheritance in Ruby

    • Parent and child classes

    Polymorphism

    • Method overriding and dynamic behavior

    Encapsulation

    • Data hiding using access control

    Mixins

    • Using modules as mixins

    Instance Variables

    • Defining and accessing instance variables

    Data Abstraction

    • Hiding implementation details

    Exception Handling in Ruby

    Ruby Exceptions

    • Types of exceptions

    Exception Handling

    • begin, rescue, ensure

    Catch and Throw

    • Non-local exits using catch and throw

    Exception Handling in Threads

    • Managing errors in multithreaded programs

    Exception Class

    • Exception class hierarchy and methods

    Regular Expressions in Ruby

    Ruby Regex

    • Pattern matching basics

    Search and Replace

    • Using regex for search and replace operations

    Ruby Built-in Classes

    Float Class

    • Floating-point operations

    Integer Class

    • Integer operations

    Symbol Class

    • Symbols and their use cases

    Struct Class

    • Lightweight data structures

    Ruby Modules

    Ruby Module Basics

    • Creating and using modules

    Comparable Module

    • Object comparison

    Math Module

    • Mathematical functions

    Include vs Extend

    • Differences and use cases

    Collections in Ruby

    Arrays

    • Creating and manipulating arrays

    Strings

    • String basics
    • String interpolation

    Hashes

    • Hash basics
    • Working with key-value pairs

    Multithreading in Ruby

    Introduction to Threading

    • Basics of multithreading

    Thread Lifecycle

    • Thread states and execution flow

    Miscellaneous Topics

    Iterators in Ruby

    • Types of iterators

    Getters and Setters

    • Attribute readers and writers

  • Java Tutorial Roadmap

    Introduction to Java

    Overview of Java

    Java is a high-level, object-oriented, platform-independent programming language widely used for building enterprise applications, web applications, mobile apps, and backend systems.

    Java vs C++ vs Python

    • Java: Platform-independent, OOP-focused, strong memory management
    • C++: High performance, low-level memory control
    • Python: Simple syntax, rapid development, scripting-friendly

    Java Platform and Execution

    • Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler
    • Difference between JIT and JVM
    • Bytecode vs Machine Code
    • How Java achieves platform independence

    Java Basic Concepts

    Java Basic Syntax

    • Structure of a Java program
    • Writing a Hello World program

    Data Types in Java

    • Primitive data types
    • Object (reference) data types

    Identifiers

    • Java identifier naming rules

    Variables in Java

    • Variable declaration and initialization
    • Scope of variables

    Input and Output in Java

    Console Input

    • Taking user input in Java
    • Scanner class
    • Different ways to read input from the console

    Output in Java

    • Using System.out.println()
    • Formatted output using printf()

    Operators in Java

    Types of Operators

    • Unary operators
    • Assignment operators
    • Relational operators
    • Logical operators
    • Ternary operator

    Flow Control in Java

    Decision-Making Statements

    • if statement
    • if-else statement
    • if-else-if ladder

    Loops

    • while loop
    • do-while loop
    • for-each loop

    Control Statements

    • break statement
    • continue statement
    • return keyword

    Arrays in Java

    Arrays Overview

    • Declaring and initializing arrays

    Types of Arrays

    • One-dimensional arrays
    • Multidimensional arrays
    • Jagged arrays
    • Final arrays

    Arrays Utility Classes

    • Arrays class
    • reflect.Array
    • Difference between util.Arrays and reflect.Array

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

    Java Naming Conventions

    • Class, method, and variable naming rules

    Classes and Objects

    • Understanding classes and objects
    • Object class in Java
    • Singleton design pattern

    Constructors

    • Default and parameterized constructors
    • Copy constructor
    • Constructor overloading
    • Constructor chaining
    • Private constructors and singleton classes

    Inheritance in Java

    Inheritance Concepts

    • Inheritance and constructors
    • Types of inheritance
    • Interfaces and inheritance

    Multiple Inheritance

    • Achieved using interfaces

    Abstraction in Java

    Abstraction Concepts

    • Abstract classes
    • Abstract methods
    • Control abstraction

    Data Hiding vs Abstraction

    • Key differences

    Encapsulation in Java

    Encapsulation Concepts

    • Data hiding using access modifiers

    Abstraction vs Encapsulation

    • Key differences and use cases

    Polymorphism in Java

    Polymorphism Concepts

    • Compile-time polymorphism
    • Runtime polymorphism

    Dynamic Method Dispatch

    • Method overriding

    Inheritance vs Polymorphism

    • Conceptual differences

    Methods in Java

    Methods Overview

    • Defining and calling methods

    Method Overloading

    • Compile-time polymorphism

    Method Overriding

    • Runtime polymorphism

    Memory Management in Java

    Memory Allocation

    • Stack vs Heap memory

    JVM Memory Areas

    • Types of memory areas allocated by JVM

    Garbage Collection

    • Garbage collection basics
    • Types of JVM garbage collectors

    Memory Leaks

    • Causes and prevention

    Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

    JVM Stack Area

    • Stack frames and execution

    Wrapper Classes

    Wrapper Classes Overview

    • Character class
    • Byte, Short, Long, Float classes

    Keywords in Java

    Java Keywords

    • List of Java keywords

    Important Keywords

    • super
    • final
    • static
    • enum
    • transient
    • volatile

    final vs finally vs finalize

    • Differences and use cases

    Access Modifiers

    Types of Access Modifiers

    • Public
    • Protected
    • Package-private
    • Private

    Access vs Non-Access Modifiers

    • Key differences

    Inner Classes in Java

    Inner Class Concepts

    • Types of inner classes

    Packages in Java

    Package Basics

    • Creating packages

    Common Packages

    • java.util
    • java.lang
    • java.io

    Exception Handling in Java

    Exception Basics

    • Types of exceptions
    • Checked vs unchecked exceptions

    Exception Handling Mechanism

    • try, catch, finally
    • Flow control in exception handling

    throw and throws

    • Custom exception handling

    Advanced Exception Topics

    • User-defined exceptions
    • Chained exceptions

    Multithreading in Java

    Thread Basics

    • Lifecycle and states of a thread
    • Main thread

    Thread Creation

    • Thread class
    • Runnable interface

    Thread Management

    • Thread priority
    • Naming threads
    • start() method behavior

    Synchronization and Concurrency

    Thread Synchronization

    • Importance of synchronization
    • Method-level and block-level synchronization

    Locks and Concurrency

    • Lock framework vs synchronization
    • Atomic vs volatile vs synchronized

    Deadlocks

    • Deadlock concepts
    • Prevention and avoidance

    Advanced Locks

    • Lock vs monitor
    • ReentrantLock

    File Handling in Java

    File Handling Basics

    • File class
    • Creating files

    Reading Files

    • Different ways to read text files

    Writing Files

    • Writing data into files
    • FileWriter class

    File Operations

    • Deleting files
    • File permissions

    Advanced File Handling

    • FileDescriptor
    • RandomAccessFile