Introduction to JavaScript
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language used to create dynamic, interactive, and responsive web applications. It runs in the browser as well as on servers (using Node.js).
Importance of JavaScript in Web Development
- Core technology of the web (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)
- Enables interactivity and dynamic content
- Used for frontend, backend, mobile apps, and desktop apps
- Supported by all modern browsers
Basic JavaScript Syntax
Adding JavaScript to HTML
- Inline JavaScript
- Internal scripts
- External JavaScript files
Variables and Data Types
Variables
- Declaring variables using
var,let, andconst
Data Types
- Primitive data types (Number, String, Boolean, Undefined, Null, Symbol)
- Reference data types (Object, Array, Function)
Constants
- Declaring immutable values using
const
Operators in JavaScript
Arithmetic Operators
- Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus
Comparison Operators
==,===,!=,!==,>,<,>=,<=
Logical Operators
- AND (
&&), OR (||), NOT (!)
Assignment Operators
=,+=,-=,*=,/=
Conditional (Ternary) Operator
- Writing concise conditional expressions
Control Structures
Conditional Statements
ifstatementif-elsestatementelse-ifladderswitchstatement
Loops
forloopwhileloopdo-whileloop
Functions in JavaScript
Function Declaration
- Defining reusable functions
Function Expression
- Assigning functions to variables
Arrow Functions
- Shorter function syntax using
=>
Callback Functions
- Passing functions as arguments
Higher-Order Functions
- Functions that return or accept other functions
Objects and Arrays
Objects
- Creating and accessing object properties
Arrays
- Creating arrays
- Accessing and modifying array elements
Array Methods
map(),filter(),reduce(),forEach()
DOM Manipulation
Selecting Elements
getElementByIdquerySelectorquerySelectorAll
Modifying Elements
- Changing text, HTML, and styles
Event Handling
- Adding event listeners
- Handling user interactions
ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) Features
let and const
- Block-scoped variables
Template Literals
- String interpolation using backticks
Destructuring
- Extracting values from arrays and objects
Spread and Rest Operators
- Expanding and collecting values
Modules
- Importing and exporting JavaScript modules
Asynchronous JavaScript
Callbacks
- Handling asynchronous operations
Promises
- Managing async operations with
.then()and.catch()
Async / Await
- Writing asynchronous code in a synchronous style
Error Handling in JavaScript
try…catch
- Catching runtime errors
Throwing Errors
- Using
throwkeyword
Custom Errors
- Creating custom error objects
Advanced JavaScript Topics
Closures
- Functions with preserved lexical scope
this Keyword
- Understanding context in JavaScript
Prototypes and Inheritance
- Prototype chain and object inheritance
Classes
- ES6 class syntax
Modules
- Organizing code using modules
JavaScript Best Practices
Writing Clean and Maintainable Code
- Naming conventions
- Code readability and structure
Debugging Techniques
- Browser developer tools
- Console debugging
Performance Optimization
- Reducing DOM manipulation
- Optimizing loops and functions