Category: PHP

Basic GMP Functions

gmp_abs()
Description: Calculates the absolute value of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_abs("-42");
// Output: (absolute value is 42)

gmp_add()
Description: Adds two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_add("123", "456");
// Output: (sum is 579)

gmp_clrbit()
Description: Sets the bit at a specified index in a GMP number to 0.
Example:

$num = gmp_init("15");
gmp_clrbit($num, 1);
// Output: (number becomes 13 after clearing bit 1)

gmp_cmp()
Description: Compares two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_cmp("100", "200");
// Output: (-1 because 100 < 200)

gmp_com()
Description: Calculates the one’s complement of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_com("5");
// Output: (-6, the one's complement of 5)

gmp_div_q()
Description: Performs division of GMP numbers, returning the quotient.
Example:

$result = gmp_div_q("10", "3");
// Output: (quotient is 3)

gmp_div_qr()
Description: Performs division and returns both quotient and remainder.
Example:

$result = gmp_div_qr("10", "3");
// Output: ([quotient => 3, remainder => 1])

gmp_div_r()
Description: Performs division and returns only the remainder.
Example:

$result = gmp_div_r("10", "3");
// Output: (remainder is 1)

gmp_divexact()
Description: Divides exactly when one GMP number is divisible by another.
Example:

$result = gmp_divexact("10", "2");
// Output: (exact quotient is 5)

gmp_export()
Description: Exports a GMP number to a binary string.
Example:

$result = gmp_export("255");
// Output: ("\xFF" - binary string representation of 255)

gmp_fact()
Description: Calculates the factorial of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_fact("5");
// Output: (factorial is 120)

gmp_gcd()
Description: Calculates the GCD of two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_gcd("48", "18");
// Output: (GCD is 6)

gmp_gcdext()
Description: Calculates the GCD and multipliers for the equation.
Example:

$result = gmp_gcdext("48", "18");
// Output: ([gcd => 6, s => -1, t => 3])

gmp_hamdist()
Description: Finds the Hamming distance between two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_hamdist("5", "7");
// Output: (Hamming distance is 1)

gmp_import()
Description: Imports a GMP number from a binary string.
Example:

$result = gmp_import("\xFF");
// Output: (GMP number is 255)

gmp_intval()
Description: Converts a GMP number to an integer.
Example:

$result = gmp_intval("123456789");
// Output: (integer is 123456789)

gmp_invert()
Description: Finds the modular inverse of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_invert("3", "7");
// Output: (modular inverse is 5)

gmp_jacobi()
Description: Computes the Jacobi symbol of two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_jacobi("3", "7");
// Output: (Jacobi symbol is 1)

gmp_legendre()
Description: Computes the Legendre symbol of two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_legendre("3", "7");
// Output: (Legendre symbol is 1)

gmp_mod()
Description: Finds the modulo of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_mod("10", "3");
// Output: (modulo is 1)

gmp_mul()
Description: Multiplies two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_mul("123", "456");
// Output: (product is 56088)

gmp_neg()
Description: Returns the negative of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_neg("42");
// Output: (-42)

gmp_nextprime()
Description: Finds the smallest prime number greater than the given GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_nextprime("100");
// Output: (next prime is 101)

Gmagick::medianFilterImage()
Description: Reduces noise in the image using a median filter.
Example:

$image->medianFilterImage(2);
// Output: (reduces image noise with a radius of 2)

gmp_perfect_square()
Description: Checks if the given GMP number is a perfect square.
Example:

$result = gmp_perfect_square("49");
// Output: (true, because 49 is a perfect square)

gmp_popcount()
Description: Finds the population count (number of set bits) in a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_popcount("15");
// Output: (population count is 4)

gmp_pow()
Description: Raises a GMP number to the power of an integer.
Example:

$result = gmp_pow("2", "10");
// Output: (1024)

gmp_prob_prime()
Description: Checks the probability of a GMP number being prime.
Example:

$result = gmp_prob_prime("101");
// Output: (value 2, meaning 101 is definitely prime)

gmp_random_bits()
Description: Generates a random number with a specified number of bits.
Example:

$result = gmp_random_bits(10);
// Output: (random number with up to 10 bits, e.g., 745)

gmp_random_range()
Description: Generates a random number within a specified range.
Example:

$result = gmp_random_range("1", "100");
// Output: (random number between 1 and 100)

gmp_random_seed()
Description: Sets the seed for the random number generator.
Example:

gmp_random_seed("123");
// Output: (sets the RNG seed to 123)

gmp_root()
Description: Calculates the integer part of the N-th root of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_root("27", "3");
// Output: (cube root is 3)

gmp_rootrem()
Description: Calculates the N-th root and the remainder.
Example:

list($root, $remainder) = gmp_rootrem("28", "3");
// Output: (root is 3, remainder is 1)

gmp_scan0()
Description:Scans for the first occurrence of the bit “0” in a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_scan0("15", 1);
// Output: (first 0-bit is at index 4)

gmp_scan1()
Description:Scans for the first occurrence of the bit “1” in a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_scan1("8", 0);
// Output: (first 1-bit is at index 3)

gmp_setbit()
Description: Sets a specific bit in a GMP number.
Example:

$num = gmp_init("0");
gmp_setbit($num, 3);
// Output: (number becomes 8)

gmp_sign()
Description: Checks the sign of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_sign("-42");
// Output: (-1 because the number is negative)

gmp_sqrt()
Description: Calculates the square root of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_sqrt("49");
// Output: (square root is 7)

gmp_sqrtrem()
Description: Calculates the square root and remainder of a GMP number.
Example:

list($sqrt, $remainder) = gmp_sqrtrem("50");
// Output: (square root is 7, remainder is 1)

gmp_strval()
Description: Returns the string representation of a GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_strval("12345");
// Output: ("12345")

gmp_sub()
Description: Subtracts one GMP number from another.
Example:

$result = gmp_sub("100", "42");
// Output: (difference is 58)

gmp_testbit()
Description: Checks if a specific bit in a GMP number is set.
Example:

$result = gmp_testbit("8", 3);
// Output: (true because bit 3 is set)

gmp_xor()
Description: Calculates the XOR of two GMP numbers.
Example:

$result = gmp_xor("10", "5");
// Output: (result is 15)

gmp_random()
Description: Generates a random GMP number.
Example:

$result = gmp_random(5);
// Output: (random number with 5 limbs)

Basic Gmagick Functions

The Gmagick class provides a wrapper to the GraphicsMagick library, which is used to create, edit, and manipulate images.

Gmagick::addImage()
Description: Adds a new image to the Gmagick object image list.
Example:

$image->addImage($newImage);
// Output: (adds a new image to the current Gmagick image list)

Gmagick::blurImage()
Description: Applies a blur filter to the image.
Example:

$image->blurImage(5, 3);
// Output: (applies a blur with radius 5 and sigma 3 to the image)

Gmagick::cropImage()
Description: Extracts a specific region from the image.
Example:

$image->cropImage(100, 100, 50, 50);
// Output: (crops a 100x100 region starting at coordinates (50, 50))

Gmagick::flipImage()
Description: Creates a mirror image by reflecting the pixels along the x-axis.
Example:

$image->flipImage();
// Output: (creates a flipped version of the image along the x-axis)

Gmagick::rotateImage()
Description: Rotates the image by the specified number of degrees.
Example:

$image->rotateImage('#FFFFFF', 90);
// Output: (rotates the image by 90° with a white background)

Gmagick::resizeImage()
Description: Scales the image to specified dimensions using a filter.
Example:

$image->resizeImage(200, 150, Gmagick::FILTER_LANCZOS, 1);
// Output: (resizes the image to 200x150 pixels using Lanczos filter)

Gmagick::oilPaintImage()
Description: Applies a special effect filter that simulates an oil painting.
Example:

$image->oilPaintImage(3);
// Output: (applies an oil-paint effect to the image with radius 3)

Gmagick::addNoiseImage()
Description: Adds noise to the image.
Example:

$image->addNoiseImage(Gmagick::NOISE_POISSON);
// Output: (adds Poisson noise to the image)

Gmagick::annotateImage()
Description: Annotates an image with text.
Example:

$image->annotateImage($draw, 10, 50, 0, 'Sample Text');
// Output: (adds the text "Sample Text" to the image at coordinates (10, 50))

Gmagick::borderImage()
Description: Draws a border around the image.
Example:

$image->borderImage('#000000', 10, 10);
// Output: (adds a black border of 10px width to the image)

Gmagick::charcoalImage()
Description: Simulates a charcoal sketch effect.
Example:

$image->charcoalImage(2, 1);
// Output: (applies a charcoal effect to the image with radius 2 and sigma 1)

Gmagick::chopImage()
Description: Removes a region from the image and trims it.
Example:

$image->chopImage(100, 100, 50, 50);
// Output: (removes a 100x100 region starting at coordinates (50, 50))

Gmagick::clear()
Description: Clears all resources associated with the Gmagick object.
Example:

$image->clear();
// Output: (releases memory and clears all resources)

Gmagick::commentImage()
Description: Adds a comment to the image.
Example:

$image->commentImage('This is a sample comment.');
// Output: (attaches the comment "This is a sample comment" to the image)

Gmagick::cropThumbnailImage()
Description: Creates a fixed-size thumbnail by scaling and cropping the image.
Example:

$image->cropThumbnailImage(150, 150);
// Output: (creates a 150x150 thumbnail of the image)

Gmagick::drawImage()
Description: Renders a GmagickDraw object onto the image.
Example:

$image->drawImage($draw);
// Output: (draws the specified shapes or text on the image)

Gmagick::edgeImage()
Description: Enhances the edges of the image using a convolution filter.
Example:

$image->edgeImage(1);
// Output: (enhances the edges of the image with radius 1)

Gmagick::embossImage()
Description: Applies a three-dimensional grayscale emboss effect.
Example:

$image->embossImage(2, 1);
// Output: (applies an emboss effect with radius 2 and sigma 1)

Gmagick::enhanceImage()
Description: Applies a digital filter to improve image quality.
Example:

$image->enhanceImage();
// Output: (improves the quality of the image)

Gmagick::equalizeImage()
Description: Equalizes the histogram of the image.
Example:

$image->equalizeImage();
// Output: (adjusts image contrast by equalizing its histogram)

Gmagick::flopImage()
Description: Creates a mirror image along the y-axis.
Example:

$image->flopImage();
// Output: (creates a mirrored version of the image along the y-axis)

Gmagick::gammaImage()
Description: Applies gamma correction to the image.
Example:

$image->gammaImage(1.5);
// Output: (applies a gamma correction with a factor of 1.5)

Gmagick::implodeImage()
Description: Creates an implosion effect on the image.
Example:

$image->implodeImage(0.5);
// Output: (creates an imploded version of the image with a factor of 0.5)

Gmagick::medianFilterImage()
Description: Reduces noise in the image using a median filter.
Example:

$image->medianFilterImage(2);
// Output: (reduces image noise with a radius of 2)

Gmagick::motionBlurImage()
Description: Simulates motion blur in the image.
Example:

$image->motionBlurImage(5, 3, 45);
// Output: (applies a motion blur with radius 5, sigma 3, and angle 45°)

Gmagick::normalizeImage()
Description: Enhances the contrast of the image by adjusting pixel colors to span the entire color range.
Example:

$image->normalizeImage();
// Output: (enhances the image contrast by normalizing its pixel colors)

Gmagick::raiseImage()
Description: Adds a simulated three-dimensional effect by raising the edges of the image.
Example:

$image->raiseImage(10, 10, 5, 5, true);
// Output: (creates a raised edge effect with a 10x10 rectangle inset by 5 pixels)

Gmagick::reduceNoiseImage()
Description: Smooths contours of the image while preserving edges.
Example:

$image->reduceNoiseImage(3);
// Output: (reduces noise in the image with a threshold of 3)

Gmagick::resampleImage()
Description: Resamples the image to the desired resolution.
Example:

$image->resampleImage(300, 300, Gmagick::FILTER_LANCZOS, 1);
// Output: (resamples the image to 300 DPI with Lanczos filter)

Gmagick::rollImage()
Description: Rolls the image horizontally and vertically.
Example:

$image->rollImage(50, 25);
// Output: (shifts the image 50 pixels horizontally and 25 pixels vertically)

Gmagick::scaleImage()
Description: Scales the image to the specified dimensions.
Example:

$image->scaleImage(300, 200);
// Output: (resizes the image to 300x200 pixels)

Gmagick::setImageDepth()
Description: Sets the bit depth for the image.
Example:

$image->setImageDepth(16);
// Output: (sets the image depth to 16 bits)

Gmagick::setImageResolution()
Description: Sets the resolution of the image.
Example:

$image->setImageResolution(300, 300);
// Output: (sets the image resolution to 300 DPI)

Gmagick::shearImage()
Description: Slides the edges of an image to create a parallelogram effect.
Example:

$image->shearImage('#FFFFFF', 30, 0);
// Output: (applies a shear transformation with a 30° x-axis slope and a white background)

Gmagick::solarizeImage()
Description: Applies a solarize effect to the image.
Example:

$image->solarizeImage(128);
// Output: (creates a solarized version of the image with a threshold of 128)

Gmagick::spreadImage()
Description: Randomly displaces pixels in the image.
Example:

$image->spreadImage(5);
// Output: (displaces pixels randomly within a 5-pixel block)

Gmagick::stripImage()
Description: Removes all profiles and comments from the image.
Example:

$image->stripImage();
// Output: (removes metadata such as profiles and comments from the image)

Gmagick::swirlImage()
Description: Swirls the pixels around the center of the image.
Example:

$image->swirlImage(90);
// Output: (creates a swirl effect with a 90° rotation)

Gmagick::magnifyImage()
Description: Scales the image to twice its original size.
Example:

$image->magnifyImage();
// Output: (enlarges the image to 2x its original size)

Gmagick::minifyImage()
Description: Scales the image to half its original size.
Example:

$image->minifyImage();
// Output: (reduces the image size to 50% of its original dimensions)

Gmagick::modulateImage()
Description: Adjusts brightness, saturation, and hue of the image.
Example:

$image->modulateImage(100, 50, 120);
// Output: (adjusts brightness to 100%, saturation to 50%, and hue to 120%)

Gmagick::motionBlurImage()
Description: Simulates motion blur in the image.
Example:

$image->motionBlurImage(10, 5, 45);
// Output: (adds a motion blur effect with radius 10, sigma 5, and angle 45°)

Gmagick::implodeImage()
Description:Creates an implosion effect on the image.
Example:

$image->implodeImage(-1);
// Output: (creates an exploded effect on the image)

Gmagick::oilPaintImage()
Description: Applies an oil painting effect to the image.
Example:

$image->oilPaintImage(3);
// Output: (applies an oil painting effect with radius 3)

Gmagick::rotateImage()
Description: Rotates the image by the specified degrees.
Example:

$image->rotateImage('#FFFFFF', 45);
// Output: (rotates the image by 45° with a white background fill)

Gmagick::resizeImage()
Description: Resizes the image to the given dimensions using a specific filter.
Example:

$image->resizeImage(200, 100, Gmagick::FILTER_LANCZOS, 1);
// Output: (resizes the image to 200x100 pixels with the Lanczos filter)

Gmagick::setImageChannelDepth()
Description: Sets the depth of a specific image channel.
Example:

$image->setImageChannelDepth(Gmagick::CHANNEL_RED, 8);
// Output: (sets the red channel depth to 8 bits)

Gmagick::implodeImage()
Description: Creates an implosion effect on the image.
Example:

$image->implodeImage(0.5);
// Output: (applies an implosion effect with a factor of 0.5)

Gmagick::spreadImage()
Description: Randomly displaces pixels within a defined block size.
Example:

$image->spreadImage(5);
// Output: (applies a random pixel displacement with a block size of 5)

PHP String Functions Complete Reference

The predefined math functions in PHP are used to handle mathematical operations with integer and float types. These math functions are built into PHP and do not require any additional installation.

Installation: These functions do not require any special installation. The complete list of PHP math functions is given below:

Example: A program illustrating the decbin() function in PHP:

<?php
echo decbin(45);
?>

Output:

101101

ImagickDraw::annotation()
Description: Draws text at specified coordinates on the image.
Example:

$draw->annotation(50, 100, "Sample Text");
// Output: (draws "Sample Text" at position (50, 100))

ImagickDraw::arc()
Description: Draws an arc between two points with a specified start and end angle.
Example:

$draw->arc(50, 50, 200, 200, 0, 90);
// Output: (draws an arc from 0° to 90° within the bounding box (50, 50) to (200, 200))

ImagickDraw::bezier()
Description: Draws a bezier curve using specified control points.
Example:

$draw->bezier([[10, 10], [30, 90], [60, 30], [80, 80]]);
// Output: (draws a bezier curve passing through the defined points)

ImagickDraw::circle()
Description: Draws a circle with a center point and a point on the radius.
Example:

echo chop("Hello World!  ");
// Output: Hello World!

ImagickDraw::getStrokeOpacity()
Description: Returns the opacity of stroked outlines.
Example:

echo $draw->getStrokeOpacity();
// Output: (returns the opacity level of the stroke)

ImagickDraw::getStrokeWidth()
Description: Returns the stroke width used for outlines.
Example:

echo $draw->getStrokeWidth();
// Output: (returns stroke width value)

ImagickDraw::line()
Description: Draws a line between two points.
Example:

$draw->line(10, 10, 300, 300);
// Output: (draws a line from (10, 10) to (300, 300))

ImagickDraw::point()
Description: Draws a point at specified coordinates.
Example:

$draw->point(150, 150);
// Output: (draws a point at coordinate (150, 150))

ImagickDraw::polygon()
Description: Draws a polygon using an array of vertex points.
Example:

$draw->polygon([[10, 10], [100, 50], [50, 100]]);
// Output: (draws a polygon with vertices at the specified points)

ImagickDraw::polyline()
Description: Draws a series of connected lines through specified points.
Example:

$draw->polyline([[10, 20], [30, 40], [50, 60], [70, 80]]);
// Output: (draws connected lines through the defined points)

ImagickDraw::rectangle()
Description: Draws a rectangle defined by two opposite corners.
Example:

$draw->rectangle(10, 10, 200, 100);
// Output: (draws a rectangle from (10, 10) to (200, 100))

ImagickDraw::rotate()
Description: Applies rotation to the coordinate space.
Example:

echo password_hash("mypassword", PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
// Output: $2y$10$...

ImagickDraw::roundRectangle()
Description: Draws a rectangle with rounded corners.
Example:

$draw->roundRectangle(10, 20, 200, 150, 20, 20);
// Output: (draws a rectangle with rounded corners of radius 20)

ImagickDraw::scale()
Description: Applies scaling to the horizontal and vertical directions.
Example:

$draw->scale(1.5, 1.2);
// Output: (scales coordinate space by 1.5 horizontally and 1.2 vertically)

ImagickDraw::setFillColor()
Description: Sets the color used for filling shapes.
Example:

$draw->setFillColor('green');
// Output: (sets fill color to green)

ImagickDraw::setFillOpacity()
Description: Sets the opacity level for the fill color.
Example:

$draw->setFillOpacity(0.5);
// Output: (sets fill opacity to 50%)

ImagickDraw::setFont()
Description: Sets the font for text drawing.
Example:

$draw->setFont('Courier');
// Output: (sets text font to Courier)

ImagickDraw::setFontFamily()
Description: Sets the font family to use for text.
Example:

$draw->setFontFamily('Arial');
// Output: (sets font family to Arial)

ImagickDraw::setFontSize()
Description: Specifies the font size for text.
Example:

$draw->setFontSize(20);
// Output: (sets text font size to 20 points)

ImagickDraw::setFontStyle()
Description: Sets the style for text, such as italic or normal.
Example:

$draw->setFontStyle(Imagick::STYLE_NORMAL);
// Output: (sets text font style to normal)

ImagickDraw::setFontWeight()
Description: Specifies the weight of the font for text.
Example:

$draw->setFontWeight(700);
// Output: (sets font weight to bold)

ImagickDraw::setGravity()
Description: Sets the placement gravity for text.
Example:

$draw->setGravity(Imagick::GRAVITY_SOUTHWEST);
// Output: (positions text relative to the southwest corner)

ImagickDraw::setStrokeAlpha()
Description: Specifies the opacity of stroke outlines.
Example:

$draw->setStrokeAlpha(0.6);
// Output: (sets stroke opacity to 60%)

ImagickDraw::setStrokeColor()
Description: Sets the color for stroke outlines.
Example:

$draw->setStrokeColor('blue');
// Output: (sets stroke color to blue)

ImagickDraw::setStrokeLineJoin()
Description: Defines the style of corners when paths are stroked.
Example:

$draw->setStrokeAlpha(0.6);
// Output: (sets stroke opacity to 60%)

ImagickDraw::setStrokeMiterLimit()
Description: Sets the miter limit for the stroke.
Example:

$draw->setStrokeMiterLimit(5);
// Output: (sets miter limit to 5)

ImagickDraw::setStrokeOpacity()
Description: Defines the opacity level for stroke outlines.
Example:

$draw->setStrokeOpacity(0.9);
// Output: (sets stroke opacity to 90%)

PHP Imagick Functions Complete Reference

PHP Overview: A Beginner’s Guide to Syntax

PHP is a versatile server-side language widely used in web development. Its straightforward syntax makes it suitable for both beginners and advanced developers. In this guide, we will explore the basic syntax of PHP. PHP scripts can be embedded within HTML using special PHP tags.

Basic PHP Syntax

PHP code is executed between PHP tags. The most commonly used tags are <?php ... ?>, which mark the beginning and end of PHP code. This is known as Escaping to PHP.

<?php
    // PHP code goes here
?>

These tags, also known as Canonical PHP tags, indicate to the PHP parser which parts of the document to process. Everything outside these tags is treated as plain HTML. Each PHP command must end with a semicolon (;).

PHP Syntax Example

<?php
    // Using echo to display a message
    echo "Greetings from PHP!";
?>

Output:

Greetings from PHP!

Imagick::adaptiveBlurImage()
Description: Add an adaptive blur filter to the image.
Example:

$image->adaptiveBlurImage(5, 3);
// Output: (applies an adaptive blur with specified radius and sigma)

Imagick::adaptiveResizeImage()
Description: Resize the image according to specific dimensions.
Example:

$image->adaptiveResizeImage(200, 300);
// Output: (resizes image to 200x300 pixels)

Imagick::adaptiveSharpenImage()
Description: Sharpen an image adaptively based on intensity.
Example:

$image->adaptiveThresholdImage(3, 3, 1);
// Output: (applies adaptive threshold for localized pixel intensity control)

Imagick::adaptiveThresholdImage()
Description: Applies a threshold based on local intensity values.
Example:

$image->adaptiveThresholdImage(3, 3, 1);
// Output: (applies adaptive threshold for localized pixel intensity control)

Imagick::addImage()
Description: Add a new image to the Imagick object image list.
Example:

$image->addImage($newImage);
// Output: (adds $newImage to the Imagick list)

Imagick::addNoiseImage()
Description: Add noise to the image for texture or effect.
Example:

$image->addNoiseImage(Imagick::NOISE_IMPULSE);
// Output: (applies impulse noise effect)

Imagick::annotateImage()
Description: Add text annotation to the image.
Example:

$combinedImage = $image->appendImages(true);
// Output: (appends images vertically)

Imagick::appendImages()
Description: Append multiple images vertically or horizontally.
Example:

Single-line comment example!

Imagick::autoLevelImage()
Description: Automatically adjust image levels.
Example:

$image->autoLevelImage();
// Output: (adjusts levels for better brightness and contrast)

Imagick::blackThresholdImage()
Description: Convert pixels below a threshold to black.
Example:

$image->blackThresholdImage('#222222');
// Output: (sets pixels darker than the color threshold to black)

Imagick::blueShiftImage()
Description: Applies a moonlit or nighttime effect.
Example:

$image->blueShiftImage(1.5);
// Output: (adds a blue shift effect with specified intensity)

Imagick::blurImage()
Description: Apply a basic blur effect to the image.
Example:

$image->blurImage(5, 3);
// Output: (adds blur with specified radius and sigma)

Imagick::borderImage()
Description: Add a border to the image.
Example:

$image->borderImage('black', 5, 5);
// Output: (adds a 5-pixel black border)

Imagick::brightnessContrastImage()
Description: Adjust brightness and contrast of the image.
Example:

$image->brightnessContrastImage(20, 30);
// Output: (adjusts brightness by 20 and contrast by 30)

Imagick::charcoalImage()
Description: Simulate a charcoal sketch effect.
Example:

$image->charcoalImage(1, 2);
// Output: (applies charcoal effect)

Imagick::chopImage()
Description: Crop and trim a specific region of the image.
Example:

$image->chopImage(100, 100, 50, 50);
// Output: (removes 100x100 area at specified position)

Imagick::commentImage()
Description: Add a comment to the image.
Example:

$image->commentImage("Sample Comment");
// Output: (adds 'Sample Comment' metadata to the image)

Imagick::convolveImage()
Description: Apply a custom convolution kernel to the image.
Example:

$image->convolveImage(array(1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1));
// Output: (applies the specified convolution filter)

Imagick::cropImage()
Description: Crop the image to a specified region.
Example:

$image->cropImage(100, 100, 10, 10);
// Output: (crops 100x100 pixels starting from (10, 10))

Imagick::despeckleImage()
Description: Reduce speckle noise in the image.
Example:

$image->despeckleImage();
// Output: (applies despeckle filter to reduce noise)

Imagick::displayImage()
Description: Display the image object.
Example:

$image->displayImage();
// Output: (opens image in default viewer, if available)

Imagick::distortImage()
Description: Distort an image using specific distortion methods.
Example:

$image->distortImage(Imagick::DISTORTION_PERSPECTIVE, array(0,0, 30,60, 120,60, 150,120), true);
// Output: (applies perspective distortion)

Imagick::edgeImage()
Description: Enhance the edges within the image.
Example:

$image->edgeImage(1);
// Output: (enhances edges with specified radius)

Imagick::embossImage()
Description: Apply a grayscale emboss effect.
Example:

$image->embossImage(1, 1);
// Output: (adds emboss effect)

Imagick::enhanceImage()
Description: Improve the quality of a noisy image.
Example:

$image->enhanceImage();
// Output: (enhances image by reducing noise)

Imagick::equalizeImage()
Description: Equalize the histogram of the image.
Example:

$image->equalizeImage();
// Output: (equalizes the image contrast)

Imagick::extentImage()
Description: Set the size and origin of the image.
Example:

$image->extentImage(200, 200, -10, -10);
// Output: (resizes image with new origin offset)

Imagick::flattenImages()
Description: Merge the sequence of images into one.
Example:

$flattenedImage = $image->flattenImages();
// Output: (flattens multiple layers into a single image)

Imagick::flipImage()
Description: Create a vertically flipped image.
Example:

$image->flipImage();
// Output: (flips the image vertically)

Imagick::flopImage()
Description: Create a horizontally flipped image
Example:

$image->flopImage();
// Output: (flips the image horizontally)

Imagick::gammaImage()
Description: Apply gamma correction to the image.
Example:

$image->gammaImage(1.2);
// Output: (adjusts gamma to 1.2)

Imagick::getCopyright()
Description: Return ImageMagick API copyright.
Example:

echo $image->getCopyright();
// Output: (displays ImageMagick copyright)

Imagick::getImageBluePrimary()
Description: Get the chromaticity blue primary point.
Example:

print_r($image->getImageBluePrimary());
// Output: (displays x, y values for blue primary)

Imagick::getImageColors()
Description: Get the number of unique colors in the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageColors();
// Output: (number of unique colors)

Imagick::getImageColorspace()
Description: Get the colorspace of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageColorspace();
// Output: (colorspace type)

Imagick::getImageChannelDepth()
Description: Get the depth of a specific image channel.
Example:

echo $image->getImageChannelDepth(Imagick::CHANNEL_RED);
// Output: (depth of the red channel)

Imagick::getImageDepth()
Description: Get the image depth.
Example:

echo $image->getImageDepth();
// Output: (bit-depth of the image)

Imagick::getImageFormat()
Description: Get the format of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageFormat();
// Output: (file format, e.g., PNG)

Imagick::getImageGeometry()
Description: Get width and height of the image.
Example:

print_r($image->getImageGeometry());
// Output: (width and height as an associative array)

Imagick::getImageHeight()
Description: Get the height of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageHeight();
// Output: (height in pixels)

Imagick::getImageWidth()
Description: Get the width of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageWidth();
// Output: (width in pixels)

Imagick::haldClutImage()
Description: Replace colors in the image using a Hald lookup table.
Example:

$image->haldClutImage($clutImage);
// Output: (replaces colors based on Hald lookup table)

Imagick::identifyImage()
Description: Identify an image and return its attributes.
Example:

print_r($image->identifyImage());
// Output: (image metadata and attributes)

Imagick::magnifyImage()
Description: Scale the image up by 2x.
Example:

$image->magnifyImage();
// Output: (image size increased by 2x)

Imagick::modulateImage()
Description: Adjust brightness, saturation, and hue.
Example:

$image->modulateImage(100, 150, 100);
// Output: (adjusts brightness, saturation, and hue)

Imagick::motionBlurImage()
Description: Simulate motion blur in the image.
Example:

$image->motionBlurImage(5, 10, 45);
// Output: (applies motion blur with specified angle)

Imagick::negateImage()
Description: Invert the colors of the image.
Example:

$image->negateImage(false);
// Output: (inverts colors)

Imagick::newImage()
Description: Create a new image.
Example:

$image->newImage(200, 200, new ImagickPixel('red'));
// Output: (creates a 200x200 red image)

Imagick::normalizeImage()
Description: Enhance the contrast by adjusting colors to span the full color range.
Example:

$image->normalizeImage();
// Output: (adjusts contrast across colors)

Imagick::oilPaintImage()
Description: Simulate an oil painting effect.
Example:

$image->oilPaintImage(3);
// Output: (applies oil paint effect with radius 3)

Imagick::orderedPosterizeImage()
Description: Apply ordered dithering for posterization.
Example:

$image->orderedPosterizeImage("o8x8");
// Output: (reduces colors using dithering)

Imagick::posterizeImage()
Description: Reduce image colors to limited levels.
Example:

$image->posterizeImage(4, false);
// Output: (reduces color levels to 4)

Imagick::queryFonts()
Description: Get the list of available fonts.
Example:

print_r($image->queryFonts());
// Output: (array of font names)

Imagick::radialBlurImage()
Description: Apply radial blur to the image.
Example:

$image->radialBlurImage(5);
// Output: (adds radial blur with 5 degrees)

Imagick::raiseImage()
Description: Create a 3D button effect by lightening edges.
Example:

$image->raiseImage(10, 10, 5, 5, true);
// Output: (creates raised edge effect)

Imagick::randomThresholdImage()
Description: Change pixel values based on intensity.
Example:

$image->randomThresholdImage(0.4 * Imagick::getQuantum(), 0.8 * Imagick::getQuantum());
// Output: (adjusts pixel values based on intensity threshold)

Imagick::readImageBlob()
Description: Read an image from a binary string.
Example:

$image->readImageBlob(file_get_contents("path/to/image.png"));
// Output: (loads image from binary data)

Imagick::recolorImage()
Description: Apply color transformations.
Example:

$image->recolorImage(array(
    1.5, 0, 0,
    0, 1.2, 0,
    0, 0, 1.3
));
// Output: (adjusts RGB color intensities)

Imagick::reduceNoiseImage()
Description: Reduce noise in an image.
Example:

$image->reduceNoiseImage(1);
// Output: (smooths contours and reduces noise)

Imagick::resampleImage()
Description: Resample the image to a desired resolution.
Example:

$image->resampleImage(150, 150, Imagick::FILTER_LANCZOS, 1);
// Output: (resamples to 150x150 dpi)

Imagick::rollImage()
Description: Roll image pixels horizontally and vertically.
Example:

$image->rollImage(10, 10);
// Output: (shifts image by 10 pixels horizontally and vertically)

Imagick::rotationalBlurImage()
Description: Apply rotational blur at a given angle.
Example:

$image->rotationalBlurImage(10);
// Output: (applies 10-degree rotational blur)

Imagick::rotateImage()
Description: Rotate the image by a specified angle.
Example:

$image->rotateImage(new ImagickPixel('white'), 45);
// Output: (rotates image by 45 degrees, filling gaps with white)

Imagick::textureImage()
Description: Tile a texture over the image.
Example:

$image->textureImage($textureImage);
// Output: (tiles $textureImage as a background)

Imagick::thumbnailImage()
Description: Resize the image to thumbnail dimensions.
Example:

$image->thumbnailImage(100, 100);
// Output: (creates 100x100 thumbnail)

Imagick::thresholdImage()
Description: Change pixel values based on threshold.
Example:

$image->thresholdImage(0.5 * Imagick::getQuantum());
// Output: (pixels below threshold set to black, others white)

Imagick::transformImage()
Description: Crop and resize the image according to geometry.
Example:

$image->transformImage("100x100", "200x200");
// Output: (crops to 100x100 and resizes to 200x200)

Imagick::transformImageColorspace()
Description: Convert the image to a different colorspace.
Example:

$image->transformImageColorspace(Imagick::COLORSPACE_GRAY);
// Output: (converts image to grayscale)

Imagick::transposeImage()
Description: Create a vertically mirrored image.
Example:

$image->transposeImage();
// Output: (vertical mirror effect)

Imagick::transverseImage()
Description: Create a horizontally mirrored image.
Example:

$image->transverseImage();
// Output: (horizontal mirror effect)

Imagick::trimImage()
Description: Trim edges of the image.
Example:

$image->trimImage(0);
// Output: (trims edges with matching colors)

Imagick::setImageChannelDepth()
Description: Set channel depth for a specific channel.
Example:

$image->setImageChannelDepth(Imagick::CHANNEL_RED, 16);
// Output: (sets red channel depth to 16 bits)

Imagick::setImageOpacity()
Description: Set the opacity level of the image.
Example:

$image->setImageOpacity(0.5);
// Output: (sets opacity to 50%)

Imagick::sharpenImage()
Description: Sharpen the image with a radius and sigma.
Example:

$image->sharpenImage(2, 1);
// Output: (sharpens with 2 radius and 1 sigma)

Imagick::shaveImage()
Description: Shave pixels off edges of the image.
Example:

$image->shaveImage(10, 10);
// Output: (removes 10 pixels from each edge)

Imagick::shearImage()
Description: Apply a shear transformation to the image.
Example:

$image->shearImage(new ImagickPixel('white'), 20, 30);
// Output: (shears image by 20x30 degrees)

Imagick::sketchImage()
Description: Simulate a pencil sketch effect.
Example:

$image->sketchImage(10, 1, 45);
// Output: (applies sketch effect with given radius, sigma, and angle)

Imagick::solarizeImage()
Description: Apply a solarizing effect.
Example:

$image->solarizeImage(128);
// Output: (solarizes using a threshold of 128)

Imagick::spliceImage()
Description: Splice a solid color into the image.
Example:

$image->spliceImage(10, 10, 5, 5);
// Output: (adds a 10x10 section at coordinates 5,5)

Imagick::spreadImage()
Description: Randomly displace each pixel in a block.
Example:

$image->spreadImage(5);
// Output: (randomly displaces pixels with a 5-pixel radius)

Imagick::unsharpMaskImage()
Description: Apply an unsharp mask filter.
Example:

$image->unsharpMaskImage(1, 0.5, 1, 0.05);
// Output: (sharpens image with unsharp mask)

Imagick::uniqueImageColors()
Description: Discard duplicate colors in the image.
Example:

$image->uniqueImageColors();
// Output: (removes duplicated colors)

Imagick::vignetteImage()
Description: Add a vignette effect to the image.
Example:

$image->vignetteImage(10, 20, 5, 5);
// Output: (adds vignette with given parameters)

Imagick::waveImage()
Description: Apply a wave filter to the image.
Example:

$image->waveImage(5, 50);
// Output: (creates a wave effect with amplitude 5, wavelength 50)

Imagick::whiteThresholdImage()
Description: Set pixels above threshold to white.
Example:

$image->whiteThresholdImage(new ImagickPixel('rgb(200, 200, 200)'));
// Output: (pixels above threshold become white)

Imagick::whiteThresholdImage()
Description: Set pixels above threshold to white.
Example:

$image->whiteThresholdImage(new ImagickPixel('rgb(200, 200, 200)'));
// Output: (pixels above threshold become white)

Imagick::waveImage()
Description: Apply a wave filter to the image.
Example:

$image->waveImage(5, 50);
// Output: (creates a wave effect with amplitude 5, wavelength 50)

Imagick::writeImage()
Description: Write the image to a file.
Example:

$image->writeImage("output.png");
// Output: (saves image to output.png)

Imagick::getImageWidth()
Description: Retrieve the width of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageWidth();
// Output: (width of $image)

Imagick::getImageHeight()
Description: Retrieve the height of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageHeight();
// Output: (height of $image)

Imagick::getImageFormat()
Description: Retrieve the format of the image.
Example:

echo $image->getImageFormat();
// Output: (format of $image, e.g., PNG, JPEG)

Imagick::getImageResolution()
Description: Get the resolution of the image.
Example:

print_r($image->getImageResolution());
// Output: (image resolution as [x, y] array)

Imagick::setImageUnits()
Description: Set the units of resolution for the image.
Example:

$image->setImageUnits(imagick::RESOLUTION_PIXELSPERINCH);
// Output: (sets resolution units to pixels per inch)

Imagick::shadeImage()
Description: Apply a 3D effect to the image by shading.
Example:

$image->shadeImage(true, 30, 30);
// Output: (adds 3D shading effect)

PHP Image Processing and GD Functions Complete Reference

Image processing and GD functions enable the creation and manipulation of image files across various formats, such as GIF, PNG, JPEG, WBMP, and XPM. With PHP, these functions can directly output the image to the browser. The GD library is central to implementing image functions for this purpose, though other libraries may be needed depending on the image formats involved.

Example: This demonstrates the use of the imagecolorclosesthwb() function in PHP.

<?php

// Create a new image from a given URL
$image = imagecreatefromgif(
'https://www.example.com/sample-image.gif');

// Display the index of the color closest to the specified hue, white, and blackness
echo 'Hue, White, and Blackness closest color index: '
	. imagecolorclosesthwb($image, 120, 200, 50);

imagedestroy($image);
?>

Output:

Hue, White, and Blackness closest color index: 42

The list of Image processing and GD s are given below:

gd_info()

Description: Retrieve information about the installed GD library.

Example:

print_r(gd_info());
// Output: (array of GD library information)

getimagesize()

Description: Get the dimensions of an image.

Example:

$size = getimagesize("example.jpg");
print_r($size);
// Output: (displays array with width, height, and more details)

getimagesizefromstring()

Description: Determine the size of an image from a binary string.

Example:

$imageData = file_get_contents("example.jpg");
$size = getimagesizefromstring($imageData);
print_r($size);
// Output: (array of image size information)

imagealphablending()

Description: Set the blending mode for an image.

Example:

$image = imagecreatetruecolor(200, 200);
imagealphablending($image, true);
// Output: (enables or disables blending for $image)

imagearc()

Description: Create an arc centered at the specified coordinates.

Example:

$image = imagecreatetruecolor(200, 200);
imagearc($image, 100, 100, 150, 150, 0, 180, 0xFFFFFF);
// Output: (draws a half-circle in the image)

imagechar()

Description: Draw a character horizontally on an image.

Example:

imagechar($image, 5, 50, 50, "A", 0xFFFFFF);
// Output: (draws 'A' at (50, 50) on $image)

imagecharup()

Description: Draw a character vertically on an image.

Example:

imagecharup($image, 5, 50, 50, "B", 0xFFFFFF);
// Output: (draws 'B' vertically at (50, 50) on $image)

imagecolorallocate()

Description: Set a color in an image.

Example:

$color = imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 128, 255);
// Output: (assigns a blue color to $image)

imagecolorallocatealpha()

Description: Allocate color with alpha for transparency.

Example:

$color = imagecolorallocatealpha($image, 255, 0, 0, 50);
// Output: (assigns a semi-transparent red color)

imagecolorat()

Description: Get the color of a specific pixel.

Example:

$color = imagecolorat($image, 10, 10);
echo $color;
// Output: (color index of pixel at (10, 10))

imagecolorclosest()

Description: Find the closest color index in the image.

Example:

$color = imagecolorclosest($image, 100, 100, 200);
echo $color;
// Output: (closest color index for the specified RGB)

imagecolorclosestalpha()

Description: Get the closest color with an alpha value.

Example:

$color = imagecolorclosestalpha($image, 100, 100, 200, 50);
echo $color;
// Output: (closest color index with alpha)

imagecolorclosesthwb()

Description: Find the hue, white, and black closest color index.

Example:

$color = imagecolorclosesthwb($image, 255, 0, 0);
echo $color;
// Output: (closest index for hue, white, and black)

imagecolorexact()

Description: Get the index of a specific color in the image palette.

Example:

$color = imagecolorexact($image, 255, 255, 255);
echo $color;
// Output: (color index of exact match for white)

imagecolormatch()

Description: Match the palette version colors of an image to a true-color version.

Example:

imagecolormatch($image1, $image2);
// Output: (matches colors of $image1 to $image2)

imagecolorresolve()

Description: Get the specified color or closest possible in the palette.

Example:

$color = imagecolorresolve($image, 255, 100, 50);
echo $color;
// Output: (index of exact or nearest color)

imagecolorresolvealpha()

Description: Find specified color and alpha value or closest alternative.

Example:

$color = imagecolorresolvealpha($image, 255, 100, 50, 50);
echo $color;
// Output: (index of color with alpha)

imagecolorset()

Description: Set the color for a specified palette index.

Example:

imagecolorset($image, 5, 100, 50, 150);
// Output: (sets color at index 5 in palette)

imagecolorsforindex()

Description: Get the colors at a specified index.

Example:

$color = imagecolorsforindex($image, 5);
print_r($color);
// Output: (RGB array of colors at index 5)

imagecolorstotal()

Description: Find the number of colors in an image’s palette.

Example:

echo imagecolorstotal($image);
// Output: (total number of colors in the palette)

imagecolortransparent()

Description: Define a color as transparent in the image.

Example:

imagecolortransparent($image, $color);
// Output: (sets $color as transparent)

imageconvolution()

Description: Apply a convolution matrix to the image.

Example:

$matrix = array(
  array(0, -1, 0),
  array(-1, 4, -1),
  array(0, -1, 0)
);
imageconvolution($image, $matrix, 1, 127);
// Output: (applies convolution effect)

imagecopy()

Description: Copy all or part of an image.

Example:

imagecopy($image, $src, 0, 0, 0, 0, 100, 100);
// Output: (copies $src onto $image)

imagecopymerge()

Description: Copy and merge an image with transparency.

Example:

imagecopymerge($image, $src, 0, 0, 0, 0, 100, 100, 50);
// Output: (merges $src onto $image with 50% opacity)

imagecopymergegray()

Description: Merge a grayscale version of part of an image.

Example:

echo IntlChar::isspace(" ");
// Output: 1

imagecreate()

Description: Create a new palette-based image.

Example:

$image = imagecreate(200, 200);
// Output: (creates 200x200 image with color palette)

imagecreatetruecolor()

Description: Create a new true-color image.

Example:

$image = imagecreatetruecolor(200, 200);
// Output: (creates 200x200 true-color image)

imagecrop()

Description: Crop the image to a specified rectangle.

Example:

$image = imagecrop($image, array("x"=>50, "y"=>50, "width"=>100, "height"=>100));
// Output: (crops $image to the given dimensions)

imagedashedline()

Description: Draw a dashed line in the image.

Example:

imagedashedline($image, 0, 0, 200, 200, 0xFFFFFF);
// Output: (draws dashed line from (0, 0) to (200, 200))

imagefilledarc()

Description: Draw a filled partial arc.

Example:

imagefilledarc($image, 100, 100, 100, 100, 0, 180, 0x0000FF, IMG_ARC_PIE);
// Output: (draws a half-circle arc filled in blue)

imagefilledrectangle()

Description: Draw a filled rectangle.

Example:

imagefilledrectangle($image, 0, 0, 100, 50, 0x000000);
// Output: (draws black rectangle at specified area)

imagefilledarc()

Description: Draw a filled partial arc.

Example:

imagefilledarc($image, 100, 100, 100, 100, 0, 180, 0x0000FF, IMG_ARC_PIE);
// Output: (draws a half-circle arc filled in blue)

imagelayereffect()

Description: Set alpha blending flag for layering effects.

Example:

imagelayereffect($image, IMG_EFFECT_OVERLAY);
// Output: (enables overlay effect on $image)

imagepolygon()

Description: Draw a polygon on the image.

Example:

$points = array(50, 0, 100, 100, 0, 100);
imagepolygon($image, $points, 3, 0xFFFFFF);
// Output: (draws white triangle)

imagerectangle()

Description: Draw a rectangle in the image.

Example:

imagerectangle($image, 10, 10, 100, 50, 0xFF0000);
// Output: (draws red rectangle at specified area)

imagetruecolortopalette()

Description: Convert a true-color image to a palette image.

Example:

imagetruecolortopalette($image, false, 256);
// Output: (converts image to 256 color palette)

imagesy()

Description: Return the height of an image.

Example:

echo imagesy($image);
// Output: (height of $image)

imagesx()

Description: Return the width of an image.

Example:

echo imagesx($image);
// Output: (width of $image)

The IntlChar class in PHP provides a set of static methods for character processing, conforming to the Unicode standard.

IntlChar::charAge(): Get the Unicode version in which the code point was first designated.

IntlChar::charAge(int $codepoint): array;

IntlChar::charDigitValue(): Get the decimal digit value of a code point.

IntlChar::charDigitValue(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::charDirection(): Get the bidirectional category value for a code point.

IntlChar::charDirection(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::charFromName(): Find a Unicode character by its name.

IntlChar::charFromName(string $name, int $nameChoice = IntlChar::UNICODE_CHAR_NAME): int;

IntlChar::charMirror(): Get the “mirror image” of a code point.

IntlChar::charMirror(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::charName(): Get the Unicode name for a code point.

IntlChar::charName(int $codepoint, int $nameChoice = IntlChar::UNICODE_CHAR_NAME): string;

IntlChar::charScript(): Get the script value for a code point.

IntlChar::charScript(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::charType(): Get the general category value for a code point.

IntlChar::charType(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::digit(): Get the decimal digit value of a numeric code point.

disk_free_space($directory);

IntlChar::enumCharNames(): Enumerate all assigned Unicode character names.

IntlChar::enumCharNames(int $start, int $end, callable $callback, int $nameChoice = IntlChar::UNICODE_CHAR_NAME);

IntlChar::enumCharTypes(): Enumerate all code points with the same general category.

IntlChar::enumCharTypes(callable $callback);

IntlChar::foldCase(): Perform Unicode simple case folding.

IntlChar::foldCase(int $codepoint, int $options = IntlChar::FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT): int;

IntlChar::forDigit(): Get the numeric value of a Unicode digit.

IntlChar::forDigit(int $digit, int $radix = 10): int;

IntlChar::getBidiPairedBracket(): Get the paired bracket character for a code point.

IntlChar::getBidiPairedBracket(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::getBlockCode(): Get the Unicode block value for a code point.

IntlChar::getBlockCode(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::getCombiningClass(): Get the combining class value for a code point.

IntlChar::getCombiningClass(int $codepoint): int;

IntlChar::getFC_NFKC_Closure(): Get the FC_NFKC_Closure property value for a code point.

IntlChar::getFC_NFKC_Closure(int $codepoint): string;

IntlChar::getIntPropertyMaxValue(): Get the maximum value for a Unicode property.

IntlChar::getIntPropertyMaxValue(int $property): int;

IntlChar::getIntPropertyMinValue(): Get the minimum value for a Unicode property.

IntlChar::getIntPropertyMinValue(int $property): int;

IntlChar::getIntPropertyValue(): Get the integer value for a Unicode property.

IntlChar::getIntPropertyValue(int $codepoint, int $property): int;

IntlChar::getNumericValue(): Get the numeric value for a code point.

IntlChar::getNumericValue(int $codepoint): float;

IntlChar::getPropertyEnum(): Get the integer value for a property alias.

IntlChar::getPropertyEnum(string $alias): int;

IntlChar::getPropertyName(): Get the property name for a property value.

IntlChar::getPropertyName(int $property, int $nameChoice = IntlChar::LONG_PROPERTY_NAME): string;

IntlChar::getPropertyValueName(): Get the name for a property value.

IntlChar::getPropertyValueName(int $property, int $value, int $nameChoice = IntlChar::LONG_PROPERTY_NAME): string;

IntlChar::getUnicodeVersion(): Get the Unicode version.

IntlChar::getUnicodeVersion(): array;

IntlChar::hasBinaryProperty(): Check if a code point has a binary property.

IntlChar::hasBinaryProperty(int $codepoint, int $property): bool;

IntlChar::hasBinaryProperty(): Check if a code point has a binary property.

IntlChar::hasBinaryProperty(int $codepoint, int $property): bool;

IntlChar::isalnum(): Check if a code point is an alphanumeric character.

IntlChar::isalnum(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isalpha(): Check if a code point is an alphabetic character.

IntlChar::isalpha(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isbase(): Check if a code point is a base character.

IntlChar::isbase(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isblank(): Check if a code point is a blank character.

IntlChar::isblank(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::iscntrl(): Check if a code point is a control character.

IntlChar::iscntrl(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isdefined(): Check if a code point is a defined character.

IntlChar::isdefined(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isdigit(): Check if a code point is a digit character.

IntlChar::isdigit(int $codepoint): bool;

fileowner($filename);

fileowner($filename);

IntlChar::isgraph(): Check if a code point is a graphic character.

IntlChar::isgraph(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isgraph(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isgraph(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isIDIgnorable(): Check if a code point is an ignorable character.

IntlChar::isIDIgnorable(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isIDPart(): Check if a code point can be part of an identifier.

IntlChar::isIDPart(int $codepoint): bool;

fnmatch(): Matches a filename or string against a specified pattern.

fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags);

IntlChar::isIDStart(): Check if a code point can start an identifier.

IntlChar::isIDStart(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isISOControl(): Check if a code point is an ISO control character.

IntlChar::isISOControl(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::islower(): Check if a code point is a lowercase character.

IntlChar::islower(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::islower(int $codepoint): bool

IntlChar::islower(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isMirrored(): Check if a code point has the Bidi_Mirrored property.

IntlChar::isMirrored(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isprint(): Check if a code point is a printable character.

fseek($handle, $offset, $whence);

IntlChar::ispunct(): Check if a code point is a punctuation character.

IntlChar::ispunct(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isspace(): Check if a code point is a space character.

IntlChar::isspace(int $codepoint): bool;

IntlChar::isUWhiteSpace(): Check if a code point has the White_Space property.

IntlChar::isUWhiteSpace(int $codepoint): bool;

The intl extension in PHP provides capabilities for internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n), supporting features like locale-aware formatting, transliteration, and message formatting. Below is a list of key functions provided by the intl extension.

Collator

1. collator_asort(): Sort array maintaining index association.

collator_asort(Collator $coll, array &$arr, int $sort_flag = Collator::SORT_REGULAR): bool;

chgrp(): Changes the group ownership of a file.

chgrp($filename, $group);

collator_compare(): Compare two Unicode strings.

collator_compare(Collator $coll, string $str1, string $str2): int;

collator_get_attribute(): Get an attribute value.

collator_get_attribute(Collator $coll, int $attr): int|false;

collator_get_error_code(): Get collator’s last error code.

collator_get_error_code(Collator $coll): int;

collator_get_error_message(): Get text for collator’s last error code.

collator_get_error_message(Collator $coll): string;

collator_get_locale(): Get the locale name of the collator.

collator_get_locale(Collator $coll, int $type): string|false;

collator_get_sort_key(): Get sorting key for a string.

collator_get_sort_key(Collator $coll, string $string): string|false;

collator_get_strength(): Get the collator’s strength.

collator_get_strength(Collator $coll): int;

collator_set_attribute(): Set an attribute value.

collator_set_attribute(Collator $coll, int $attr, int $val): bool;

collator_set_strength(): Set the collator’s strength.

collator_set_strength(Collator $coll, int $strength): bool;

collator_sort(): Sort an array.

collator_sort(Collator $coll, array &$arr, int $sort_flag = Collator::SORT_REGULAR): bool;

collator_sort_with_sort_keys(): Sort array using specified sort keys.

collator_sort_with_sort_keys(Collator $coll, array &$arr): bool;

NumberFormatter

numfmt_create(): Create a number formatter.

numfmt_create(string $locale, int $style, ?string $pattern = null): ?NumberFormatter;

numfmt_format(): Format a number.

numfmt_format(NumberFormatter $fmt, int|float $num, int $type = NumberFormatter::TYPE_DEFAULT): string|false;

numfmt_format_currency(): Format a currency value.

numfmt_format_currency(NumberFormatter $fmt, float $value, string $currency): string|false;

numfmt_get_attribute(): Get an attribute value.

fgetcsv($handle, $length, $delimiter, $enclosure, $escape);

fgets(): Gets a line from a file pointer.

numfmt_get_attribute(NumberFormatter $fmt, int $attr): int|float|false;

numfmt_get_error_code(): Get formatter’s last error code.

numfmt_get_error_code(NumberFormatter $fmt): int;

numfmt_get_error_message(): Get text for formatter’s last error code.

numfmt_get_error_message(NumberFormatter $fmt): string;

numfmt_get_locale(): Get the locale name of the formatter.

numfmt_get_locale(NumberFormatter $fmt, int $type): string|false;

numfmt_get_pattern(): Get formatter pattern.

file_exists($filename);

numfmt_get_symbol(): Get a symbol value.

numfmt_get_symbol(NumberFormatter $fmt, int $attr): string|false;

numfmt_get_text_attribute(): Get a text attribute value.

numfmt_get_text_attribute(NumberFormatter $fmt, int $attr): string|false;

numfmt_parse(): Parse a number.

numfmt_parse(NumberFormatter $fmt, string $value, int $type = NumberFormatter::TYPE_DOUBLE, &$position = null): int|float|false;

numfmt_parse_currency(): Parse a currency number.

numfmt_parse_currency(NumberFormatter $fmt, string $value, string &$currency, &$position = null): float|false;

numfmt_set_attribute(): Set an attribute value.

numfmt_set_attribute(NumberFormatter $fmt, int $attr, int|float $value): bool;

numfmt_set_pattern(): Set formatter pattern.

numfmt_set_pattern(NumberFormatter $fmt, string $pattern): bool;

numfmt_set_symbol(): Set a symbol value.

numfmt_set_symbol(NumberFormatter $fmt, int $attr, string $value): bool;

MessageFormatter

msgfmt_create(): Create a message formatter.

msgfmt_create(string $locale, string $pattern): ?MessageFormatter;

msgfmt_format(): Format the message.

msgfmt_format(MessageFormatter $fmt, array $args): string|false;

msgfmt_format_message(): Quick format message.

msgfmt_format_message(string $locale, string $pattern, array $args): string|false;

msgfmt_get_error_code(): Get formatter’s last error code.

msgfmt_get_error_code(MessageFormatter $fmt): int;

msgfmt_get_error_message(): Get text for formatter’s last error code.

msgfmt_get_error_message(MessageFormatter $fmt): string;

msgfmt_get_locale(): Get the locale name of the formatter.

msgfmt_get_locale(MessageFormatter $fmt): string|false;

msgfmt_get_locale(MessageFormatter $fmt): string|false;

msgfmt_get_locale(MessageFormatter $fmt): string|false;

msgfmt_get_pattern(): Get formatter pattern.

msgfmt_get_pattern(MessageFormatter $fmt): string|false;

msgfmt_parse(): Parse input string.

msgfmt_parse(MessageFormatter $fmt, string $value): array|false;

msgfmt_parse_message(): Quick parse input string.

msgfmt_parse_message(string $locale, string $pattern, string $source): array|false;

msgfmt_set_pattern(): Set formatter pattern.

msgfmt_set_pattern(MessageFormatter $fmt, string $pattern): bool;

Normalizer

normalizer_is_normalized(): Checks if the provided string is already in the specified normalization form.

normalizer_is_normalized(string $input, int $form = Normalizer::FORM_C): bool;

normalizer_normalize(): Normalizes the input provided and returns the normalized string.

normalizer_normalize(string $input, int $form = Normalizer::FORM_C): string|false;

ResourceBundle

resourcebundle_create(): Create a resource bundle.

resourcebundle_create(string $locale, string $bundlename, bool $fallback): ?ResourceBundle;

resourcebundle_count(): Get the number of elements in the bundle.

resourcebundle_count(ResourceBundle $bundle): int;

resourcebundle_get(): Get data from the bundle.

resourcebundle_get(ResourceBundle $bundle, int|string $index): mixed;

resourcebundle_get_error_message(): Get text for bundle’s last error code.

resourcebundle_get_error_message(ResourceBundle $bundle): string;

resourcebundle_get_error_code(): Get bundle’s last error code.

resourcebundle_get_error_code(ResourceBundle $bundle): int;

resourcebundle_locales(): Get supported locales.

resourcebundle_locales(string $bundlename): array|false;

PHP Filesystem Functions Complete Reference

basename()
Description: Return the filename from a given path.
Example:

echo basename("/path/to/file.txt");
// Output: file.txt

chgrp()
Description: Change the user group of a specified file.
Example:

chgrp("example.txt", "users");
// Output: (changes the group to 'users')

chmod()
Description: Modify file permissions to a specified mode.
Example:

chmod("example.txt", 0755);
// Output: (sets permissions to 755)

chown()
Description: Assign a new owner to a specified file.
Example:

chown("example.txt", "newowner");
// Output: (changes the owner to 'newowner')

copy()
Description: Create a copy of a specified file.
Example:

copy("source.txt", "copy.txt");
// Output: (creates a duplicate of 'source.txt' as 'copy.txt')

dirname()
Description: Get the directory path from a file path.
Example:

echo dirname("/path/to/file.txt");
// Output: /path/to

disk_free_space()
Description: Determine the free space in a specified directory.
Example:

echo disk_free_space("/");
// Output: (returns free space in bytes)

disk_total_space()
Description: Retrieve the total storage capacity of a specified directory.
Example:

echo disk_total_space("/");
// Output: (returns total space in bytes)

fclose()
Description: Close a file pointer that is currently open.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
fclose($file);
// Output: (closes 'example.txt')

feof()
Description: Check if the end-of-file has been reached on a file pointer.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
while (!feof($file)) {
    echo fgets($file);
}
fclose($file);
// Output: (reads until end of file)

fflush()
Description: Flush the output buffer to an open file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "a");
fwrite($file, "New content");
fflush($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (writes 'New content' and flushes buffer)

fgetc()
Description: Retrieve a single character from an open file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.csv", "w");
fputcsv($file, ["Name", "Age", "City"]); // Writes CSV line
fclose($file);

fgets()
Description: Read a line from a file pointer.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
echo fgets($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (reads and outputs the first line)

fgetss()
Description: Read a line from a file while stripping out HTML and PHP tags.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
echo fgetss($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (outputs the line without HTML tags)

file_exists()
Description: Check if a file or directory exists.
Example:

echo file_exists("example.txt") ? "Exists" : "Does not exist";
// Output: Exists or Does not exist

file_get_contents()
Description: Read the entire file content into a string.
Example:

echo file_get_contents("example.txt");
// Output: (displays file contents as a string)

file_put_contents()
Description: Write a string to a file.
Example:

file_put_contents("example.txt", "Some content");
// Output: (writes 'Some content' to 'example.txt')

fileatime()
Description: Retrieve the last access time of a specified file.
Example:

echo date("F d Y H:i:s", fileatime("example.txt"));
// Output: (displays last access date and time)

filesize()
Description: Get the size of a specified file in bytes.
Example:

echo filesize("example.txt");
// Output: (file size in bytes)

filectime()
Description: Get the last change time of a specified file.
Example:

echo date("F d Y H:i:s", filectime("example.txt"));
// Output: (displays last change date and time)

filemtime()
Description:Return the last modified time of a specified file.
Example:

echo date("F d Y H:i:s", filemtime("example.txt"));
// Output: (displays last modified date and time)

fileperms()
Description: Retrieve the permissions for a file or directory.
Example:

echo substr(sprintf('%o', fileperms("example.txt")), -4);
// Output: (displays permissions, e.g., 0755)

filesize()
Description: Get the size of a specified file in bytes.
Example:

echo filesize("example.txt");
// Output: (file size in bytes)

filetype()
Description: Determine the type of file.
Example:

echo filetype("example.txt");
// Output: file or dir

flock()
Description: Apply a portable advisory lock on the file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r+");
if (flock($file, LOCK_EX)) {
    // Do something
    flock($file, LOCK_UN);
}
fclose($file);
// Output: (locks and unlocks the file)

fopen()
Description: Open a file or URL.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
// Output: (opens 'example.txt' for reading)

fpassthru()
Description: Output all remaining data from a file pointer until EOF.
Example:

The variable is an integer.
The variable is a string.

fputcsv()
Description: Write a line of CSV formatted data to a file.
Example:

$file = fopen("data.csv", "w");
fputcsv($file, ["Name", "Age"]);
fclose($file);
// Output: (writes "Name, Age" to 'data.csv')

fread()
Description: Read up to a specified length of bytes from a file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
echo fread($file, 100);
fclose($file);
// Output: (displays first 100 bytes)

fseek()
Description: Set the file pointer to a specified position.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
fseek($file, 5);
echo fgets($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (displays content starting from position 5)

fstat()
Description: Return information about an open file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
print_r(fstat($file));
fclose($file);
// Output: (displays file info array)

ftell()
Description: Get the current position of the file pointer.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
echo ftell($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (current file pointer position)

ftruncate()
Description: Truncate a file to a specified length.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r+");
ftruncate($file, 50);
fclose($file);
// Output: (shortens file to 50 bytes)

fwrite()
Description: Write a string to a file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "w");
fwrite($file, "PHP Filesystem Functions");
fclose($file);
// Output: (writes text to 'example.txt')

is_dir()
Description: Check if a path is a directory.
Example:

echo is_dir("/path/to/directory") ? "Directory" : "Not a directory";
// Output: Directory or Not a directory

is_executable()
Description: Determine if a file is executable.
Example:

echo is_executable("script.sh") ? "Executable" : "Not executable";
// Output: Executable or Not executable

is_file()
Description: Verify if a path is a regular file.
Example:

echo is_file("example.txt") ? "File" : "Not a file";
// Output: File or Not a file

is_link()
Description: Check if a specified file is a symbolic link.
Example:

echo is_link("example_link") ? "Symbolic link" : "Not a symbolic link";
// Output: Symbolic link or Not a symbolic link

is_readable()
Description: Determine if a file exists and is readable.
Example:

echo is_readable("example.txt") ? "Readable" : "Not readable";
// Output: Readable or Not readable

is_uploaded_file()
Description: Check if a file was uploaded via HTTP POST.
Example:

echo is_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name']) ? "Uploaded" : "Not uploaded";
// Output: Uploaded or Not uploaded

is_writable()
Description: Verify if a file is writable.
Example:

echo is_writable("example.txt") ? "Writable" : "Not writable";
// Output: Writable or Not writable

link()
Description: Create a hard link for a specified target.
Example:

link("target.txt", "hardlink.txt");
// Output: (creates a hard link 'hardlink.txt' pointing to 'target.txt')

lstat()
Description: Retrieve information about a file or symbolic link.
Example:

print_r(lstat("example.txt"));
// Output: (array of file or symbolic link information)

popen()
Description: Open a pipe to a specified command.
Example:

$pipe = popen("ls", "r");
// Output: (opens a pipe to list directory contents)

pclose()
Description: Close a pipe opened by popen().
Example:

$pipe = popen("ls", "r");
pclose($pipe);
// Output: (closes the pipe to the command 'ls')

pathinfo()
Description: Get information about a path as an associative array or string.
Example:

print_r(pathinfo("example.txt"));
// Output: (displays path info, e.g., directory, basename, extension)

readfile()
Description: Read a file and output it directly to the buffer.
Example:

readfile("example.txt");
// Output: (displays contents of 'example.txt')

rename()
Description: Rename a file or directory.
Example:

rename("oldname.txt", "newname.txt");
// Output: (changes 'oldname.txt' to 'newname.txt')

realpath()
Description: Return the canonical absolute pathname.
Example:

echo realpath("example.txt");
// Output: (full path to 'example.txt')

rewind()
Description: Set the file pointer to the beginning of a file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
rewind($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (moves file pointer to start)

stat()
Description: Retrieve detailed information about a file.
Example:

print_r(stat("example.txt"));
// Output: (array of file statistics)

symlink()
Description: Create a symbolic link pointing to a specified target.
Example:

symlink("target.txt", "symbolic_link.txt");
// Output: (creates symbolic link 'symbolic_link.txt' to 'target.txt')

tmpfile()
Description: Create a temporary file in read-write mode.
Example:

$temp = tmpfile();
fwrite($temp, "Temporary data");
fclose($temp);
// Output: (creates and closes a temporary file)

touch()
Description: Set the access and modification times for a file.
Example:

touch("example.txt");
// Output: (updates 'example.txt' timestamp)

unlink()
Description: Delete a file.
Example:

unlink("example.txt");
// Output: (removes 'example.txt')

PHP Math Functions Complete Reference

PHP Math Functions

PHP includes a range of predefined mathematical functions that facilitate operations on integer and float types. These functions are integrated into the PHP core and require no installation.

Example: Using the decbin() function in PHP:

<?php
echo decbin(12);
?>

abs()
Description: Return the absolute (positive) value of a number.
Example:

echo abs(-10);
// Output: 10

acos()
Description: Find the arc cosine of a number, returning the result in radians.
Example:

echo acos(0.5);
// Output: 1.0471975511966

acosh()
Description: Calculate the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Example:

echo acosh(2);
// Output: 1.3169578969248

asin()
Description: Calculate the arc sine of a number in radians.
Example:

echo asin(0.5);
// Output: 0.5235987755983

asinh()
Description: Find the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
Example:.

echo asinh(1);
// Output: 0.88137358701954

atan2()
Description: Calculate the arc tangent of two numbers x and y.
Example:

echo atan2(1, 1);
// Output: 0.78539816339745

atan()
Description: Return the arc tangent of a number, result in radians.
Example:

echo atan(1);
// Output: 0.78539816339745

atanh()
Description: Find the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
echo fgets($file); // Outputs one line
fclose($file);

base_convert()
Description: Convert a number from one base to another.
Example:

echo base_convert("A1", 16, 2);
// Output: 10100001

bindec()
Description: Convert a binary string to its decimal equivalent.
Example:

echo bindec("1101");
// Output: 13

ceil()
Description: Round a number up to the nearest integer.
Example:

echo ceil(4.3);
// Output: 5

cos()
Description: Find the cosine of a number (in radians).
Example:

echo cos(1);
// Output: 0.54030230586814

cosh()
Description: Calculate the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Example:

echo cosh(1);
// Output: 1.5430806348152

decbin()
Description: Convert a decimal number to binary.
Example:

echo decbin(12);
// Output: 1100

dechex()
Description: Convert a decimal number to hexadecimal.
Example:

echo dechex(255);
// Output: ff

decoct()
Description: Convert a decimal number to octal.
Example:

echo decoct(15);
// Output: 17

deg2rad()
Description: Convert degrees to radians.
Example:

echo deg2rad(180);
// Output: 3.1415926535898

exp()
Description: Calculate e raised to the power of a given number.
Example:

echo exp(2);
// Output: 7.3890560989306

expm1()
Description: Calculate e raised to the power of a given number minus one.
Example:

echo expm1(1);
// Output: 1.718281828459

hypot()
Description: Returns the square root of the sum of squares of two numbers.
Example:

echo hypot(3, 4);
// Output: 5

fmod()
Description: Calculate the remainder of a division (modulo operation).
Example:

echo fmod(5.7, 1.3);
// Output: 0.5

hexdec()
Description: Convert a hexadecimal string to its decimal equivalent.
Example:

echo hexdec("ff");
// Output: 255

hypot()
Description: Calculate the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle.
Example:

echo hypot(3, 4);
// Output: 5

intdiv()
Description: Calculate the integer quotient of the division of two numbers.
Example:

echo intdiv(7, 3);
// Output: 2

is_finite()
Description: Check if a number is finite.
Example:

echo is_finite(1.2e308) ? "Finite" : "Infinite";
// Output: Finite

is_infinite()
Description: Check if a number is infinite.
Example:

echo is_infinite(1.2e308 * 10) ? "Infinite" : "Finite";
// Output: Infinite

is_nan()
Description: Check if a value is ‘not a number’.
Example:

echo is_nan(acos(2)) ? "Not a number" : "Number";
// Output: Not a number

is_readable()
Description: Determine if a file exists and is readable.
Example:

echo is_readable("example.txt") ? "Readable" : "Not readable";
// Output: Readable or Not readable

is_uploaded_file()
Description: Check if a file was uploaded via HTTP POST.
Example:

echo is_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name']) ? "Uploaded" : "Not uploaded";
// Output: Uploaded or Not uploaded

is_writable()
Description: Verify if a file is writable.
Example:

echo is_writable("example.txt") ? "Writable" : "Not writable";
// Output: Writable or Not writable

link()
Description: Create a hard link for a specified target.
Example:

link("target.txt", "hardlink.txt");
// Output: (creates a hard link 'hardlink.txt' pointing to 'target.txt')

lstat()
Description: Retrieve information about a file or symbolic link.
Example:

print_r(lstat("example.txt"));
// Output: (array of file or symbolic link information)

mkdir()
Description: Create a new directory with the specified path.
Example:

mkdir("new_folder");
// Output: (creates 'new_folder' directory)

pathinfo()
Description: Get information about a path as an associative array or string.
Example:

print_r(pathinfo("example.txt"));
// Output: (displays path info, e.g., directory, basename, extension)

pclose()
Description: Close a pipe opened by popen().
Example:

$pipe = popen("ls", "r");
pclose($pipe);
// Output: (closes the pipe to the command 'ls')

popen()
Description: Open a pipe to a specified command.
Example:

$pipe = popen("ls", "r");
// Output: (opens a pipe to list directory contents)

readfile()
Description: Read a file and output it directly to the buffer.
Example:

readfile("example.txt");
// Output: (displays contents of 'example.txt')

realpath()
Description: Return the canonical absolute pathname.
Example:

echo realpath("example.txt");
// Output: (full path to 'example.txt')

rewind()
Description: Set the file pointer to the beginning of a file.
Example:

$file = fopen("example.txt", "r");
rewind($file);
fclose($file);
// Output: (moves file pointer to start)

stat()
Description: Retrieve detailed information about a file.
Example:

print_r(stat("example.txt"));
// Output: (array of file statistics)

symlink()
Description: Create a symbolic link pointing to a specified target.v Example:

symlink("target.txt", "symbolic_link.txt");
// Output: (creates symbolic link 'symbolic_link.txt' to 'target.txt')

tmpfile()
Description: Create a temporary file in read-write mode.
Example:

$temp = tmpfile();
fwrite($temp, "Temporary data");
fclose($temp);
// Output: (creates and closes a temporary file)

touch()
Description: Set the access and modification times for a file.
Example:

touch("example.txt");
// Output: (updates 'example.txt' timestamp)

PHP String Functions Complete Reference

The predefined math functions in PHP are used to handle mathematical operations with integer and float types. These math functions are built into PHP and do not require any additional installation.

Installation: These functions do not require any special installation. The complete list of PHP math functions is given below:

Example: A program illustrating the decbin() function in PHP:

<?php
echo decbin(45);
?>

Output:

101101

List of Common PHP String Functions

addcslashes()

Description: Inserts backslashes before specified characters in a string.

Example:

echo addcslashes("Hello, World!", 'o');
// Output: Hell\o, W\orld!

addslashes()

Description: Escapes special characters by adding backslashes.
Example:

echo addslashes("Hello 'World'");
// Output: Hello \'World\'

bin2hex()

Description: Converts a string to hexadecimal representation.
Example:

echo bin2hex("Hi");
// Output: 4869

chop()

Description: Removes whitespace or specified characters from the end of a string.
Example:

echo chop("Hello World!  ");
// Output: Hello World!

chr()

Description: Converts ASCII value to a character.
Example:

echo chr(65);
// Output: A

chunk_split()

Description: Splits a string into smaller chunks.
Example:

echo chunk_split("abcdef", 2, "-");
// Output: ab-cd-ef-

convert_uudecode()

Description: Decodes a uuencoded string.
Example:

$encoded = convert_uuencode("Hello");
echo convert_uudecode($encoded);
// Output: Hello

convert_uuencode()

Description: Encodes a string using the uuencode algorithm.
Example:

echo convert_uuencode("Hello");
// Output: 0=&5S=`IT

count_chars()

Description: Returns information about character frequencies in a string.
Example:

print_r(count_chars("Hello", 1));
// Output: Array ( [72] => 1 [101] => 1 [108] => 2 [111] => 1 )

crc32()

Description: Calculates the CRC32 polynomial of a string.
Example:

echo crc32("Hello");
// Output: 907060870

crypt()

Description: One-way string hashing using algorithms like DES, Blowfish, or MD5.
Example:

echo crypt("mypassword", "salt");
// Output: saGng5vH/kMmQ

password_hash()

Description: Creates a password hash using the bcrypt algorithm.
Example:

echo password_hash("mypassword", PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
// Output: $2y$10$...

echo()

Description: Outputs one or more strings.
Example:

echo "Hello", " World!";
// Output: Hello World!

explode()

Description: Splits a string by a specified delimiter into an array.
Example:

print_r(explode(" ", "Hello World"));
// Output: Array ( [0] => Hello [1] => World )

hex2bin()

Description: Converts a hexadecimal string to binary.
Example:

echo hex2bin("48656c6c6f");
// Output: Hello

implode()

Description: Joins array elements into a single string.
Example:

echo implode(", ", array("apple", "banana", "cherry"));
// Output: apple, banana, cherry

lcfirst()

Description: Converts the first character of a string to lowercase.
Example:

echo lcfirst("HELLO");
// Output: hELLO

levenshtein()

Description: Returns the Levenshtein distance between two strings.
Example:

echo levenshtein("kitten", "sitting");
// Output: 3

ltrim()

Description: Strips whitespace from the beginning of a string.
Example:

echo ltrim("    Hello");
// Output: Hello

md5_file()

Description: Generates the MD5 hash of a file.
Example:

echo md5_file("example.txt");
// Output: 5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592

md5()

Description: Generates the MD5 hash of a string.
Example:

echo md5("Hello World");
// Output: b10a8db164e0754105b7a99be72e3fe5

metaphone()

Description: Computes the metaphone key of a string for phonetic comparisons.
Example:

echo metaphone("example");
// Output: EXMPL

nl2br()

Description: Inserts HTML line breaks before newlines in a string.
Example:

echo nl2br("Hello\nWorld!");
// Output: Hello<br />World!