Numbers in Objective-C

Numbers in detail

In Objective-C, numbers are treated as objects instead of primitive data types like in other programming languages. This allows for a greater range of values and offers various methods to work with numbers through the NSNumber class. These methods make number handling in Objective-C more flexible and powerful.

Instead of using primitive data types such as int, float, and double, Objective-C allows these types to be encapsulated as objects, providing additional functionality. Using NSNumber, you can perform a variety of mathematical operations and store numbers as objects, which can then be manipulated and returned using specific methods.

Example 1: Addition of Two Numbers

In this example, we create an NSNumber object for each number and then add them together. The result is also stored as an NSNumber object.

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface MathOperations:NSObject
- (NSNumber *)addNumber:(NSNumber *)a withNumber:(NSNumber *)b;
@end

@implementation MathOperations

- (NSNumber *)addNumber:(NSNumber *)a withNumber:(NSNumber *)b {
   float num1 = [a floatValue];  // Extract the first number as a float
   float num2 = [b floatValue];  // Extract the second number as a float
   float sum = num1 + num2;     // Calculate the sum
   NSNumber *result = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:sum];  // Store the sum in an NSNumber
   return result;  // Return the result
}

@end

int main() {
   @autoreleasepool {
       MathOperations *operations = [[MathOperations alloc] init];
       NSNumber *num1 = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:15.5];  // First number
       NSNumber *num2 = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:9.0];   // Second number
       NSNumber *sum = [operations addNumber:num1 withNumber:num2];  // Add the numbers
       NSString *sumString = [sum stringValue];  // Convert the result to a string for display
       NSLog(@"The sum is %@", sumString);  // Output the result
   }
   return 0;
}

Components of a For Loop:

1. Initialization: Used to initialize counters or iterators (e.g., int counter = 1;).
2. Condition: Determines how long the loop will run (e.g., counter <= 10;).
3. Updation: Updates the counter or iterator after each iteration (e.g., counter++;).

Examples:

The sum is 24.5

Methods for Working with Numbers in Objective-C

The NSNumber class provides several methods that make working with numbers easier. These include:

• (BOOL)boolValue: Converts the NSNumber to a boolean.
• (float)floatValue: Converts the NSNumber to a float.
• (NSString *)stringValue: Converts the NSNumber to a NSString.
• (int)intValue: Converts the NSNumber to an int.
• (NSNumber *)numberWithFloat:(float)value: Creates an NSNumber object with a float value.

Objective-C also includes several mathematical functions, such as:

• CEIL(): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the given number.
• COS(): Returns the cosine of a given number.
• FLOOR(): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the given number.
• MOD(): Returns the remainder of dividing two numbers.
• RAND(): Generates a random number.

Example 2: Subtracting Two Numbers

In this example, we will subtract two numbers, 100 and 40, and display the result.

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface MathOperations:NSObject
- (NSNumber *)subtractNumber:(NSNumber *)x fromNumber:(NSNumber *)y;
@end

@implementation MathOperations

- (NSNumber *)subtractNumber:(NSNumber *)x fromNumber:(NSNumber *)y {
   float num1 = [x floatValue];  // Extract the first number as a float
   float num2 = [y floatValue];  // Extract the second number as a float
   float result = num1 - num2;   // Calculate the difference
   NSNumber *resultObj = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:result];  // Store the result as an NSNumber
   return resultObj;  // Return the result
}

@end

int main() {
   @autoreleasepool {
       MathOperations *operations = [[MathOperations alloc] init];
       NSNumber *num1 = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:100.0];  // First number
       NSNumber *num2 = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:40.0];   // Second number
       NSNumber *difference = [operations subtractNumber:num1 fromNumber:num2];  // Subtract the numbers
       NSString *resultString = [difference stringValue];  // Convert the result to a string
       NSLog(@"The result is %@", resultString);  // Output the result
   }
   return 0;
}

Output:

The result is 60